Reptiles and Amphibians of Tanzania
Tanzania’s diverse habitats, from arid plains to rainforests and wetlands, support a rich array of reptiles and amphibians. While often overlooked by “Big Five” seekers, they are fascinating creatures.
Common Reptiles You Might Encounter:
- Nile Crocodile:
- Where to spot: Abundant in rivers and lakes in all major parks, especially in the Rufiji River (Nyerere), Great Ruaha River (Ruaha), Grumeti River (Serengeti), and the waterways of Lake Manyara.
- Behavior: Often seen basking on riverbanks or lurking in the water.
- Monitor Lizards:
- Nile Monitor: Large, semi-aquatic lizards often seen near water.
- Savannah Monitor: Terrestrial, found in various habitats.
- Where to spot: Most parks.
- Chameleons:
- Diversity: Tanzania is a chameleon hotspot, especially in forested areas like the Usambara Mountains (though some are in safari parks).
- Where to spot: Lake Manyara National Park (its groundwater forest is good), forested edges of other parks. They are masters of camouflage and difficult to spot. Your guide might point them out or even find them during night walks (if permitted).
- Geckos and Skinks:
- Where to spot: Common around lodges and campsites, on walls, trees, and under rocks.
- Tortoises and Terrapins:
- Leopard Tortoise: The largest tortoise on the mainland, known for its beautiful patterned shell.
- Where to spot: Common in grasslands and savannas across most parks.
- Terrapins: Freshwater turtles, often seen in rivers and ponds.
- Snakes (Less commonly seen, but present):
- African Rock Python: Africa’s largest snake, can be found near water or rocky outcrops.
- Cobra Species (e.g., Spitting Cobra): Dangerous but usually shy.
- Mambas (e.g., Green Mamba, Black Mamba): Elusive and highly venomous.
- Boomslang: A tree-dwelling, venomous snake, beautifully camouflaged.
- Puff Adder: A thick, venomous snake known for its camouflage and striking speed.
- Where to spot: Snakes are generally shy and blend in well, so sightings are rare and require luck. Your guide is trained to spot them safely.
Common Amphibians (mostly frogs and toads):
- African Bullfrog: A very large, often aggressive frog, especially prominent during the rainy season.
- Tree Frogs: Various species found in wetter, forested areas.
- Toads: Common across diverse habitats.
- Where to spot: Near water sources, especially during or after rainfall. Their calls are often heard at night.
Tips for Spotting Reptiles and Amphibians:
- Look Carefully: These creatures are often camouflaged and well-hidden.
- Ask Your Guide: Express your interest! Guides are incredibly knowledgeable and can point out species you’d otherwise miss.
- Visit Diverse Habitats: Forested areas, swamps, and rocky outcrops increase your chances.
- Consider a “Herpetology Safari”: For serious enthusiasts, some specialized tours focus specifically on finding reptiles and amphibians, often in areas like the Usambara Mountains.